Horse breed
Roots of modern breeds

Foundation Breeds, The Ancestral Horse Populations of North America

Ancestral breed
Height
142–168 cm
Colours
Bay, Black, Brown, chestnut; curly coat in Curly Horse
Disciplines
Versatile riding, ranch work, dressage, show jumping, eventing
Recognition era
1760s–early 1900s
Studbook
Late 19th to early 20th century; AQHA 1940
Notable breeds
Morgan, Canadian Horse, Newfoundland Pony, Lac La Croix Pony, Curly Horse

What are Foundation Breeds?

Standing 142–168 cm tall, they come in bay, black, brown, and chestnut, with the Curly Horse displaying a distinctive curly coat. They suit versatile riding, ranch work, dressage, show jumping, and eventing. Recognition spans the 1760s through the early 1900s and includes the Morgan, Canadian Horse, Newfoundland Pony, Lac La Croix Pony, and Curly Horse. Studbooks emerged from the late 19th century onward, with the AQHA established in 1940.

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Profile: Foundation Breeds

All figures are editorial reference values.
Origin
North America
Height
142–168 cm
Colours
Bay, Black, Brown, chestnut; curly coat in Curly Horse
Best for
Versatile riding, ranch work, dressage, show jumping, eventing
Studbook since
Late 19th to early 20th century; AQHA 1940
Population
Varies by breed; many foundation breeds are rare or heritage
Risk status
Varies by breed; several listed as threatened or rare

Which breeds belong to Foundation Breeds?

Horse portrait
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Curly Horse

Foundation breed
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Morgan Horse

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Canadian Horse

Horse portrait
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Newfoundland Pony

Horse in pasture
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Lac La Croix Pony

Riding stables & barns for Foundation Breeds

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Sources & associations